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Editing: scaffold.py
import importlib.util import json import os import pathlib import pkgutil import sys import typing as t from collections import defaultdict from datetime import timedelta from functools import update_wrapper from jinja2 import FileSystemLoader from werkzeug.exceptions import default_exceptions from werkzeug.exceptions import HTTPException from . import typing as ft from .cli import AppGroup from .globals import current_app from .helpers import get_root_path from .helpers import locked_cached_property from .helpers import send_from_directory from .templating import _default_template_ctx_processor if t.TYPE_CHECKING: # pragma: no cover from .wrappers import Response # a singleton sentinel value for parameter defaults _sentinel = object() F = t.TypeVar("F", bound=t.Callable[..., t.Any]) T_after_request = t.TypeVar("T_after_request", bound=ft.AfterRequestCallable) T_before_request = t.TypeVar("T_before_request", bound=ft.BeforeRequestCallable) T_error_handler = t.TypeVar("T_error_handler", bound=ft.ErrorHandlerCallable) T_teardown = t.TypeVar("T_teardown", bound=ft.TeardownCallable) T_template_context_processor = t.TypeVar( "T_template_context_processor", bound=ft.TemplateContextProcessorCallable ) T_url_defaults = t.TypeVar("T_url_defaults", bound=ft.URLDefaultCallable) T_url_value_preprocessor = t.TypeVar( "T_url_value_preprocessor", bound=ft.URLValuePreprocessorCallable ) T_route = t.TypeVar("T_route", bound=ft.RouteCallable) def setupmethod(f: F) -> F: f_name = f.__name__ def wrapper_func(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any: self._check_setup_finished(f_name) return f(self, *args, **kwargs) return t.cast(F, update_wrapper(wrapper_func, f)) class Scaffold: """Common behavior shared between :class:`~flask.Flask` and :class:`~flask.blueprints.Blueprint`. :param import_name: The import name of the module where this object is defined. Usually :attr:`__name__` should be used. :param static_folder: Path to a folder of static files to serve. If this is set, a static route will be added. :param static_url_path: URL prefix for the static route. :param template_folder: Path to a folder containing template files. for rendering. If this is set, a Jinja loader will be added. :param root_path: The path that static, template, and resource files are relative to. Typically not set, it is discovered based on the ``import_name``. .. versionadded:: 2.0 """ name: str _static_folder: t.Optional[str] = None _static_url_path: t.Optional[str] = None #: JSON encoder class used by :func:`flask.json.dumps`. If a #: blueprint sets this, it will be used instead of the app's value. #: #: .. deprecated:: 2.2 #: Will be removed in Flask 2.3. json_encoder: t.Union[t.Type[json.JSONEncoder], None] = None #: JSON decoder class used by :func:`flask.json.loads`. If a #: blueprint sets this, it will be used instead of the app's value. #: #: .. deprecated:: 2.2 #: Will be removed in Flask 2.3. json_decoder: t.Union[t.Type[json.JSONDecoder], None] = None def __init__( self, import_name: str, static_folder: t.Optional[t.Union[str, os.PathLike]] = None, static_url_path: t.Optional[str] = None, template_folder: t.Optional[str] = None, root_path: t.Optional[str] = None, ): #: The name of the package or module that this object belongs #: to. Do not change this once it is set by the constructor. self.import_name = import_name self.static_folder = static_folder # type: ignore self.static_url_path = static_url_path #: The path to the templates folder, relative to #: :attr:`root_path`, to add to the template loader. ``None`` if #: templates should not be added. self.template_folder = template_folder if root_path is None: root_path = get_root_path(self.import_name) #: Absolute path to the package on the filesystem. Used to look #: up resources contained in the package. self.root_path = root_path #: The Click command group for registering CLI commands for this #: object. The commands are available from the ``flask`` command #: once the application has been discovered and blueprints have #: been registered. self.cli = AppGroup() #: A dictionary mapping endpoint names to view functions. #: #: To register a view function, use the :meth:`route` decorator. #: #: This data structure is internal. It should not be modified #: directly and its format may change at any time. self.view_functions: t.Dict[str, t.Callable] = {} #: A data structure of registered error handlers, in the format #: ``{scope: {code: {class: handler}}}``. The ``scope`` key is #: the name of a blueprint the handlers are active for, or #: ``None`` for all requests. The ``code`` key is the HTTP #: status code for ``HTTPException``, or ``None`` for #: other exceptions. The innermost dictionary maps exception #: classes to handler functions. #: #: To register an error handler, use the :meth:`errorhandler` #: decorator. #: #: This data structure is internal. It should not be modified #: directly and its format may change at any time. self.error_handler_spec: t.Dict[ ft.AppOrBlueprintKey, t.Dict[t.Optional[int], t.Dict[t.Type[Exception], ft.ErrorHandlerCallable]], ] = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(dict)) #: A data structure of functions to call at the beginning of #: each request, in the format ``{scope: [functions]}``. The #: ``scope`` key is the name of a blueprint the functions are #: active for, or ``None`` for all requests. #: #: To register a function, use the :meth:`before_request` #: decorator. #: #: This data structure is internal. It should not be modified #: directly and its format may change at any time. self.before_request_funcs: t.Dict[ ft.AppOrBlueprintKey, t.List[ft.BeforeRequestCallable] ] = defaultdict(list) #: A data structure of functions to call at the end of each #: request, in the format ``{scope: [functions]}``. The #: ``scope`` key is the name of a blueprint the functions are #: active for, or ``None`` for all requests. #: #: To register a function, use the :meth:`after_request` #: decorator. #: #: This data structure is internal. It should not be modified #: directly and its format may change at any time. self.after_request_funcs: t.Dict[ ft.AppOrBlueprintKey, t.List[ft.AfterRequestCallable] ] = defaultdict(list) #: A data structure of functions to call at the end of each #: request even if an exception is raised, in the format #: ``{scope: [functions]}``. The ``scope`` key is the name of a #: blueprint the functions are active for, or ``None`` for all #: requests. #: #: To register a function, use the :meth:`teardown_request` #: decorator. #: #: This data structure is internal. It should not be modified #: directly and its format may change at any time. self.teardown_request_funcs: t.Dict[ ft.AppOrBlueprintKey, t.List[ft.TeardownCallable] ] = defaultdict(list) #: A data structure of functions to call to pass extra context #: values when rendering templates, in the format #: ``{scope: [functions]}``. The ``scope`` key is the name of a #: blueprint the functions are active for, or ``None`` for all #: requests. #: #: To register a function, use the :meth:`context_processor` #: decorator. #: #: This data structure is internal. It should not be modified #: directly and its format may change at any time. self.template_context_processors: t.Dict[ ft.AppOrBlueprintKey, t.List[ft.TemplateContextProcessorCallable] ] = defaultdict(list, {None: [_default_template_ctx_processor]}) #: A data structure of functions to call to modify the keyword #: arguments passed to the view function, in the format #: ``{scope: [functions]}``. The ``scope`` key is the name of a #: blueprint the functions are active for, or ``None`` for all #: requests. #: #: To register a function, use the #: :meth:`url_value_preprocessor` decorator. #: #: This data structure is internal. It should not be modified #: directly and its format may change at any time. self.url_value_preprocessors: t.Dict[ ft.AppOrBlueprintKey, t.List[ft.URLValuePreprocessorCallable], ] = defaultdict(list) #: A data structure of functions to call to modify the keyword #: arguments when generating URLs, in the format #: ``{scope: [functions]}``. The ``scope`` key is the name of a #: blueprint the functions are active for, or ``None`` for all #: requests. #: #: To register a function, use the :meth:`url_defaults` #: decorator. #: #: This data structure is internal. It should not be modified #: directly and its format may change at any time. self.url_default_functions: t.Dict[ ft.AppOrBlueprintKey, t.List[ft.URLDefaultCallable] ] = defaultdict(list) def __repr__(self) -> str: return f"<{type(self).__name__} {self.name!r}>" def _check_setup_finished(self, f_name: str) -> None: raise NotImplementedError @property def static_folder(self) -> t.Optional[str]: """The absolute path to the configured static folder. ``None`` if no static folder is set. """ if self._static_folder is not None: return os.path.join(self.root_path, self._static_folder) else: return None @static_folder.setter def static_folder(self, value: t.Optional[t.Union[str, os.PathLike]]) -> None: if value is not None: value = os.fspath(value).rstrip(r"\/") self._static_folder = value @property def has_static_folder(self) -> bool: """``True`` if :attr:`static_folder` is set. .. versionadded:: 0.5 """ return self.static_folder is not None @property def static_url_path(self) -> t.Optional[str]: """The URL prefix that the static route will be accessible from. If it was not configured during init, it is derived from :attr:`static_folder`. """ if self._static_url_path is not None: return self._static_url_path if self.static_folder is not None: basename = os.path.basename(self.static_folder) return f"/{basename}".rstrip("/") return None @static_url_path.setter def static_url_path(self, value: t.Optional[str]) -> None: if value is not None: value = value.rstrip("/") self._static_url_path = value def get_send_file_max_age(self, filename: t.Optional[str]) -> t.Optional[int]: """Used by :func:`send_file` to determine the ``max_age`` cache value for a given file path if it wasn't passed. By default, this returns :data:`SEND_FILE_MAX_AGE_DEFAULT` from the configuration of :data:`~flask.current_app`. This defaults to ``None``, which tells the browser to use conditional requests instead of a timed cache, which is usually preferable. .. versionchanged:: 2.0 The default configuration is ``None`` instead of 12 hours. .. versionadded:: 0.9 """ value = current_app.config["SEND_FILE_MAX_AGE_DEFAULT"] if value is None: return None if isinstance(value, timedelta): return int(value.total_seconds()) return value def send_static_file(self, filename: str) -> "Response": """The view function used to serve files from :attr:`static_folder`. A route is automatically registered for this view at :attr:`static_url_path` if :attr:`static_folder` is set. .. versionadded:: 0.5 """ if not self.has_static_folder: raise RuntimeError("'static_folder' must be set to serve static_files.") # send_file only knows to call get_send_file_max_age on the app, # call it here so it works for blueprints too. max_age = self.get_send_file_max_age(filename) return send_from_directory( t.cast(str, self.static_folder), filename, max_age=max_age ) @locked_cached_property def jinja_loader(self) -> t.Optional[FileSystemLoader]: """The Jinja loader for this object's templates. By default this is a class :class:`jinja2.loaders.FileSystemLoader` to :attr:`template_folder` if it is set. .. versionadded:: 0.5 """ if self.template_folder is not None: return FileSystemLoader(os.path.join(self.root_path, self.template_folder)) else: return None def open_resource(self, resource: str, mode: str = "rb") -> t.IO[t.AnyStr]: """Open a resource file relative to :attr:`root_path` for reading. For example, if the file ``schema.sql`` is next to the file ``app.py`` where the ``Flask`` app is defined, it can be opened with: .. code-block:: python with app.open_resource("schema.sql") as f: conn.executescript(f.read()) :param resource: Path to the resource relative to :attr:`root_path`. :param mode: Open the file in this mode. Only reading is supported, valid values are "r" (or "rt") and "rb". """ if mode not in {"r", "rt", "rb"}: raise ValueError("Resources can only be opened for reading.") return open(os.path.join(self.root_path, resource), mode) def _method_route( self, method: str, rule: str, options: dict, ) -> t.Callable[[T_route], T_route]: if "methods" in options: raise TypeError("Use the 'route' decorator to use the 'methods' argument.") return self.route(rule, methods=[method], **options) @setupmethod def get(self, rule: str, **options: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[T_route], T_route]: """Shortcut for :meth:`route` with ``methods=["GET"]``. .. versionadded:: 2.0 """ return self._method_route("GET", rule, options) @setupmethod def post(self, rule: str, **options: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[T_route], T_route]: """Shortcut for :meth:`route` with ``methods=["POST"]``. .. versionadded:: 2.0 """ return self._method_route("POST", rule, options) @setupmethod def put(self, rule: str, **options: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[T_route], T_route]: """Shortcut for :meth:`route` with ``methods=["PUT"]``. .. versionadded:: 2.0 """ return self._method_route("PUT", rule, options) @setupmethod def delete(self, rule: str, **options: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[T_route], T_route]: """Shortcut for :meth:`route` with ``methods=["DELETE"]``. .. versionadded:: 2.0 """ return self._method_route("DELETE", rule, options) @setupmethod def patch(self, rule: str, **options: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[T_route], T_route]: """Shortcut for :meth:`route` with ``methods=["PATCH"]``. .. versionadded:: 2.0 """ return self._method_route("PATCH", rule, options) @setupmethod def route(self, rule: str, **options: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[T_route], T_route]: """Decorate a view function to register it with the given URL rule and options. Calls :meth:`add_url_rule`, which has more details about the implementation. .. code-block:: python @app.route("/") def index(): return "Hello, World!" See :ref:`url-route-registrations`. The endpoint name for the route defaults to the name of the view function if the ``endpoint`` parameter isn't passed. The ``methods`` parameter defaults to ``["GET"]``. ``HEAD`` and ``OPTIONS`` are added automatically. :param rule: The URL rule string. :param options: Extra options passed to the :class:`~werkzeug.routing.Rule` object. """ def decorator(f: T_route) -> T_route: endpoint = options.pop("endpoint", None) self.add_url_rule(rule, endpoint, f, **options) return f return decorator @setupmethod def add_url_rule( self, rule: str, endpoint: t.Optional[str] = None, view_func: t.Optional[ft.RouteCallable] = None, provide_automatic_options: t.Optional[bool] = None, **options: t.Any, ) -> None: """Register a rule for routing incoming requests and building URLs. The :meth:`route` decorator is a shortcut to call this with the ``view_func`` argument. These are equivalent: .. code-block:: python @app.route("/") def index(): ... .. code-block:: python def index(): ... app.add_url_rule("/", view_func=index) See :ref:`url-route-registrations`. The endpoint name for the route defaults to the name of the view function if the ``endpoint`` parameter isn't passed. An error will be raised if a function has already been registered for the endpoint. The ``methods`` parameter defaults to ``["GET"]``. ``HEAD`` is always added automatically, and ``OPTIONS`` is added automatically by default. ``view_func`` does not necessarily need to be passed, but if the rule should participate in routing an endpoint name must be associated with a view function at some point with the :meth:`endpoint` decorator. .. code-block:: python app.add_url_rule("/", endpoint="index") @app.endpoint("index") def index(): ... If ``view_func`` has a ``required_methods`` attribute, those methods are added to the passed and automatic methods. If it has a ``provide_automatic_methods`` attribute, it is used as the default if the parameter is not passed. :param rule: The URL rule string. :param endpoint: The endpoint name to associate with the rule and view function. Used when routing and building URLs. Defaults to ``view_func.__name__``. :param view_func: The view function to associate with the endpoint name. :param provide_automatic_options: Add the ``OPTIONS`` method and respond to ``OPTIONS`` requests automatically. :param options: Extra options passed to the :class:`~werkzeug.routing.Rule` object. """ raise NotImplementedError @setupmethod def endpoint(self, endpoint: str) -> t.Callable[[F], F]: """Decorate a view function to register it for the given endpoint. Used if a rule is added without a ``view_func`` with :meth:`add_url_rule`. .. code-block:: python app.add_url_rule("/ex", endpoint="example") @app.endpoint("example") def example(): ... :param endpoint: The endpoint name to associate with the view function. """ def decorator(f: F) -> F: self.view_functions[endpoint] = f return f return decorator @setupmethod def before_request(self, f: T_before_request) -> T_before_request: """Register a function to run before each request. For example, this can be used to open a database connection, or to load the logged in user from the session. .. code-block:: python @app.before_request def load_user(): if "user_id" in session: g.user = db.session.get(session["user_id"]) The function will be called without any arguments. If it returns a non-``None`` value, the value is handled as if it was the return value from the view, and further request handling is stopped. """ self.before_request_funcs.setdefault(None, []).append(f) return f @setupmethod def after_request(self, f: T_after_request) -> T_after_request: """Register a function to run after each request to this object. The function is called with the response object, and must return a response object. This allows the functions to modify or replace the response before it is sent. If a function raises an exception, any remaining ``after_request`` functions will not be called. Therefore, this should not be used for actions that must execute, such as to close resources. Use :meth:`teardown_request` for that. """ self.after_request_funcs.setdefault(None, []).append(f) return f @setupmethod def teardown_request(self, f: T_teardown) -> T_teardown: """Register a function to be called when the request context is popped. Typically this happens at the end of each request, but contexts may be pushed manually as well during testing. .. code-block:: python with app.test_request_context(): ... When the ``with`` block exits (or ``ctx.pop()`` is called), the teardown functions are called just before the request context is made inactive. When a teardown function was called because of an unhandled exception it will be passed an error object. If an :meth:`errorhandler` is registered, it will handle the exception and the teardown will not receive it. Teardown functions must avoid raising exceptions. If they execute code that might fail they must surround that code with a ``try``/``except`` block and log any errors. The return values of teardown functions are ignored. """ self.teardown_request_funcs.setdefault(None, []).append(f) return f @setupmethod def context_processor( self, f: T_template_context_processor, ) -> T_template_context_processor: """Registers a template context processor function.""" self.template_context_processors[None].append(f) return f @setupmethod def url_value_preprocessor( self, f: T_url_value_preprocessor, ) -> T_url_value_preprocessor: """Register a URL value preprocessor function for all view functions in the application. These functions will be called before the :meth:`before_request` functions. The function can modify the values captured from the matched url before they are passed to the view. For example, this can be used to pop a common language code value and place it in ``g`` rather than pass it to every view. The function is passed the endpoint name and values dict. The return value is ignored. """ self.url_value_preprocessors[None].append(f) return f @setupmethod def url_defaults(self, f: T_url_defaults) -> T_url_defaults: """Callback function for URL defaults for all view functions of the application. It's called with the endpoint and values and should update the values passed in place. """ self.url_default_functions[None].append(f) return f @setupmethod def errorhandler( self, code_or_exception: t.Union[t.Type[Exception], int] ) -> t.Callable[[T_error_handler], T_error_handler]: """Register a function to handle errors by code or exception class. A decorator that is used to register a function given an error code. Example:: @app.errorhandler(404) def page_not_found(error): return 'This page does not exist', 404 You can also register handlers for arbitrary exceptions:: @app.errorhandler(DatabaseError) def special_exception_handler(error): return 'Database connection failed', 500 .. versionadded:: 0.7 Use :meth:`register_error_handler` instead of modifying :attr:`error_handler_spec` directly, for application wide error handlers. .. versionadded:: 0.7 One can now additionally also register custom exception types that do not necessarily have to be a subclass of the :class:`~werkzeug.exceptions.HTTPException` class. :param code_or_exception: the code as integer for the handler, or an arbitrary exception """ def decorator(f: T_error_handler) -> T_error_handler: self.register_error_handler(code_or_exception, f) return f return decorator @setupmethod def register_error_handler( self, code_or_exception: t.Union[t.Type[Exception], int], f: ft.ErrorHandlerCallable, ) -> None: """Alternative error attach function to the :meth:`errorhandler` decorator that is more straightforward to use for non decorator usage. .. versionadded:: 0.7 """ exc_class, code = self._get_exc_class_and_code(code_or_exception) self.error_handler_spec[None][code][exc_class] = f @staticmethod def _get_exc_class_and_code( exc_class_or_code: t.Union[t.Type[Exception], int] ) -> t.Tuple[t.Type[Exception], t.Optional[int]]: """Get the exception class being handled. For HTTP status codes or ``HTTPException`` subclasses, return both the exception and status code. :param exc_class_or_code: Any exception class, or an HTTP status code as an integer. """ exc_class: t.Type[Exception] if isinstance(exc_class_or_code, int): try: exc_class = default_exceptions[exc_class_or_code] except KeyError: raise ValueError( f"'{exc_class_or_code}' is not a recognized HTTP" " error code. Use a subclass of HTTPException with" " that code instead." ) from None else: exc_class = exc_class_or_code if isinstance(exc_class, Exception): raise TypeError( f"{exc_class!r} is an instance, not a class. Handlers" " can only be registered for Exception classes or HTTP" " error codes." ) if not issubclass(exc_class, Exception): raise ValueError( f"'{exc_class.__name__}' is not a subclass of Exception." " Handlers can only be registered for Exception classes" " or HTTP error codes." ) if issubclass(exc_class, HTTPException): return exc_class, exc_class.code else: return exc_class, None def _endpoint_from_view_func(view_func: t.Callable) -> str: """Internal helper that returns the default endpoint for a given function. This always is the function name. """ assert view_func is not None, "expected view func if endpoint is not provided." return view_func.__name__ def _matching_loader_thinks_module_is_package(loader, mod_name): """Attempt to figure out if the given name is a package or a module. :param: loader: The loader that handled the name. :param mod_name: The name of the package or module. """ # Use loader.is_package if it's available. if hasattr(loader, "is_package"): return loader.is_package(mod_name) cls = type(loader) # NamespaceLoader doesn't implement is_package, but all names it # loads must be packages. if cls.__module__ == "_frozen_importlib" and cls.__name__ == "NamespaceLoader": return True # Otherwise we need to fail with an error that explains what went # wrong. raise AttributeError( f"'{cls.__name__}.is_package()' must be implemented for PEP 302" f" import hooks." ) def _path_is_relative_to(path: pathlib.PurePath, base: str) -> bool: # Path.is_relative_to doesn't exist until Python 3.9 try: path.relative_to(base) return True except ValueError: return False def _find_package_path(import_name): """Find the path that contains the package or module.""" root_mod_name, _, _ = import_name.partition(".") try: root_spec = importlib.util.find_spec(root_mod_name) if root_spec is None: raise ValueError("not found") # ImportError: the machinery told us it does not exist # ValueError: # - the module name was invalid # - the module name is __main__ # - *we* raised `ValueError` due to `root_spec` being `None` except (ImportError, ValueError): pass # handled below else: # namespace package if root_spec.origin in {"namespace", None}: package_spec = importlib.util.find_spec(import_name) if package_spec is not None and package_spec.submodule_search_locations: # Pick the path in the namespace that contains the submodule. package_path = pathlib.Path( os.path.commonpath(package_spec.submodule_search_locations) ) search_locations = ( location for location in root_spec.submodule_search_locations if _path_is_relative_to(package_path, location) ) else: # Pick the first path. search_locations = iter(root_spec.submodule_search_locations) return os.path.dirname(next(search_locations)) # a package (with __init__.py) elif root_spec.submodule_search_locations: return os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(root_spec.origin)) # just a normal module else: return os.path.dirname(root_spec.origin) # we were unable to find the `package_path` using PEP 451 loaders loader = pkgutil.get_loader(root_mod_name) if loader is None or root_mod_name == "__main__": # import name is not found, or interactive/main module return os.getcwd() if hasattr(loader, "get_filename"): filename = loader.get_filename(root_mod_name) elif hasattr(loader, "archive"): # zipimporter's loader.archive points to the .egg or .zip file. filename = loader.archive else: # At least one loader is missing both get_filename and archive: # Google App Engine's HardenedModulesHook, use __file__. filename = importlib.import_module(root_mod_name).__file__ package_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(filename)) # If the imported name is a package, filename is currently pointing # to the root of the package, need to get the current directory. if _matching_loader_thinks_module_is_package(loader, root_mod_name): package_path = os.path.dirname(package_path) return package_path def find_package(import_name: str): """Find the prefix that a package is installed under, and the path that it would be imported from. The prefix is the directory containing the standard directory hierarchy (lib, bin, etc.). If the package is not installed to the system (:attr:`sys.prefix`) or a virtualenv (``site-packages``), ``None`` is returned. The path is the entry in :attr:`sys.path` that contains the package for import. If the package is not installed, it's assumed that the package was imported from the current working directory. """ package_path = _find_package_path(import_name) py_prefix = os.path.abspath(sys.prefix) # installed to the system if _path_is_relative_to(pathlib.PurePath(package_path), py_prefix): return py_prefix, package_path site_parent, site_folder = os.path.split(package_path) # installed to a virtualenv if site_folder.lower() == "site-packages": parent, folder = os.path.split(site_parent) # Windows (prefix/lib/site-packages) if folder.lower() == "lib": return parent, package_path # Unix (prefix/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages) if os.path.basename(parent).lower() == "lib": return os.path.dirname(parent), package_path # something else (prefix/site-packages) return site_parent, package_path # not installed return None, package_path
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